Grimsby grew in the 12th century into a fishing and trading port, at one time ranking twelfth in importance to the Crown for tax revenue. Grimsby is listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as having a population of around 200, a priest, a mill, and a ferry. Grimsbury, Grimspound, Grime's Graves, Grimsditch, Grimsworne), and Grimsby is likely to have the same derivation. Other British place names with the element Grim are explained as referring to Woðen/ Oðin (e.g. Examples are numerous earthworks named Grimsdyke. The Oðinic name "Grimr/Grim" occurs in many English place names in the historical Danelaw and elsewhere in Britain. The intended audience of the Havelock tale (recorded much later as the Lay of Havelock the Dane) may have taken the fisherman Grim to be Odin in disguise. In Norse mythology, Grim (Mask) and Grimnir (Masked One) are names adopted by the deity Oðin (Anglo-Saxon Woðen) when travelling incognito amongst mortals, as in the short poem known as "Grimnir's Sayings" ( Grimnismal) in the Poetic Edda. The legendary founding of Grimsby features in a medieval romance, the Lay of Havelock the Dane, but historians see this account as a myth. The suffix -by is derived from the Old Norse word býr for village (compare with Norwegian: by, Danish: by and Swedish: by). Legend has it that the name Grimsby derives from Grim, a Danish fisherman. Sometime in the 9th century CE, Grimsby was settled by Danes. It was well placed to exploit the rich fishing grounds in the North Sea. Located on The Haven, which flowed into the Humber, the site long provided a location for ships to shelter from approaching storms. There is archaeological evidence of a small town of Roman workers in the area in the 2nd century CE of Roman occupation. The 2011 census recorded the population of the conurbation as 134,160, making it the second largest built-up area in Lincolnshire. It forms a conurbation with Cleethorpes and the villages of Humberston, Scartho, Brigsley and Waltham. It had a population of 88,243 in the 2011 census and an estimated population of 88,323 in 2019. The town was named "Great Grimsby" to distinguish it from Little Grimsby, a village about 14 mi (23 km) to the south, near Louth. Map of the Grimsby Built-up area showing subdivisions Grimsby is the second largest settlement by population in Lincolnshire after Lincoln. Grimsby people are called Grimbarians the term codhead is also used jokingly, often for football supporters. The Grimsby–Cleethorpes conurbation acts as a cultural and economic centre for much of north and east Lincolnshire. Grimsby suffered post-industrial decline like most other post-industrial towns and cities. The Cod Wars denied UK access to Icelandic fishing grounds and the European Union used its Common Fisheries Policy to parcel out fishing quotas to other European countries in waters within 200 nmi (370 km) of the UK coast. Grimsby was once the home port for the world's largest fishing fleet around the mid-20th century, but fishing then fell sharply. Grimsby has notable landmarks including Grimsby Minster, Port of Grimsby, Cleethorpes Beach and Grimsby Fishing Heritage Museum. Grimsby is 45 mi (72 km) north-east of Lincoln, 33 mi (53 km) (via the Humber Bridge) south-south-east of Hull, 28 mi (45 km) south-east of Scunthorpe, 50 mi (80 km) east of Doncaster and 80 mi (130 km) south-east of Leeds. Grimsby adjoins the town of Cleethorpes directly to the south-east forming a conurbation. Grimsby or Great Grimsby is a port town and the administrative centre of North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, England.
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